U.S. Approves Javelin Anti-tank Missiles Sale to Estonia
The U.S. State Department approved a foreign military sale of Javelin anti-tank missile systems to Estonia on May 22, 2025. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) announced that the deal is valued at approximately $296 million. Under this agreement, Estonia will receive 800 FGM-148F Javelin missiles (including eight “fly-to-buy” test missiles) and a total of 84 lightweight command launch units (LwCLUs). The package also includes training, spare parts, and technical support to help Estonia effectively integrate and operate the new weapons.
According to the DSCA, the sale will strengthen Estonia’s defense and support NATO deterrence in the region. The agency stated, “The sale would enhance Estonia’s capability to meet current and future threats by providing a credible force that can deter adversaries and participate in NATO operations.” This deal aligns with U.S. objectives of equipping allies with modern systems to improve interoperability and reinforce the territorial defense of a NATO ally. Estonia and the United States share a robust history of defense cooperation. Estonia initially acquired Javelin missiles in 2015 to enhance its anti-armor capabilities. U.S. and Estonian forces also regularly train together during NATO exercises. During the 2016 Saber Strike exercise, U.S. and allied troops practiced firing Javelins in Estonia’s training areas. In a demonstration of solidarity, Estonia sent a significant number of its Javelin missiles to Ukraine just before Russia’s 2022 invasion, a contribution credited with helping to stop a major armored assault on Kyiv. These instances highlight the close security relationship between Estonia and its NATO partners.
As a weapon, the Javelin system significantly enhances Estonia’s anti-tank capability. The FGM-148 Javelin is a shoulder-fired, guided missile that a single soldier can operate. It locks onto a target prior to launch and then guides itself (“fire-and-forget”), allowing the operator to move or take cover after firing. The missile can strike armored vehicles from above (top-attack) or in a direct mode, and its tandem warhead is designed to defeat modern tank armor. U.S. and allied forces have utilized javelins in conflicts from Afghanistan to Iraq, and they are expected to remain in service for decades. By acquiring hundreds of additional missiles and new lightweight launch units, Estonia is further enhancing its capacity to defend against any armored threat on its borders.